基于统计强度理论的破裂岩体本构模型研究     

高玮  胡承杰  贺天阳  陈新  周聪  崔爽 《岩土力学》2020,41(7):2179-2188

借助损伤力学思想，基于统计强度理论，提出一种适用于深部工程破裂区破裂岩体的本构模型建立方法，并通过室内试验和数值试验进行了验证。将破裂岩体划分为无数微元立方体，微元立方体的强度与岩石破裂程度有关，且各立方体强度随机分布，故可用强度反映破裂岩体的破裂程度，据此提出一种破裂岩体本构模型建立方法。其中，根据岩石破裂面间的摩擦力做功等于材料破裂后释放的应变能，得到从力学角度定义的岩石破裂程度变量；另外，假定微元立方体强度分布服从Weibull分布，应力水平满足Hoek-Brown准则。利用泥质砂岩破裂岩体典型三轴试验结果，建立泥质砂岩破裂岩体本构模型，并进行了验证，结果表明模型计算曲线与试验曲线吻合度较好。利用离散元软件PFC进行了补充数值试验验证研究，证明了泥质砂岩破裂岩体理论模型的良好计算效果，进而证明提出的本构模型建立方法的可行性。  相似文献   

藏东南冰川地区250 m空间分辨率全天候地表温度生成     

黄志明  周纪  丁利荣  张入财  张晓东  马晋 《遥感学报》2021,25(8):1873-1888

遥感全天候地表温度产品在多云雾地区意义重大,对冰川泥石流多发的藏东南地区极具应用价值,但遥感全天候地表温度空间分辨率不足限制了其在精细化灾害监测中的应用。以藏东南冰川地区为研究区,采用高程、坡度、坡向、地表覆盖类型、植被指数、地表反射率、积雪指数作为全天候地表温度的影响因子,结合移动窗口,进行多种地表温度降尺度方法的对比,进而使用最优的降尺度方法将现有的遥感全天候地表温度产品（TRIMS LST）的空间分辨率从1 km提升至250 m。利用地面站点实测数据的评价结果表明,基于梯度提升决策树（LightGBM）的降尺度方法得到的250 m空间分辨率全天候地表温度的均方根误差在白天/夜间为2.25 K/2.15 K,优于基于多元线性回归和随机森林的降尺度方法,且比原始1 km分辨率全天候地表温度的精度高0.25 K左右。基于Q指数与SIFI指数的图像质量评价结果表明,降尺度得到的250 m地表温度不仅在空间格局和幅值上与原始1 km遥感全天候地表温度一致,而且补充了大量的地表温度空间细节信息。生成得到的250 m分辨率的地表温度对于藏东南冰川地区的灾害分析具有积极的意义。  相似文献   

多尺度地理加权回归的地表温度降尺度研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

祝新明  宋小宁  冷佩  胡容海 《遥感学报》2021,25(8):1749-1766

由于星载热红外传感器研发技术的局限性,单一传感器尚不能提供兼具高频次、高空间分辨率地表温度数据。协同其他遥感辅助数据,对低空间分辨率、高时间频次地表温度产品开展降尺度研究成为了解决这一难题的有效途径。然而由于现有地表温度降尺度方法未充分考虑不同地表状态参数对地表温度空间分异格局的尺度影响差异,降尺度后的地表温度数据在异质性景观区域存在精度较差和空间纹理不清晰的问题。鉴于此,本文以北京和张掖地区的8期MODIS地表温度产品为例,通过引入多尺度地理加权回归MGWR（Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression）来分析归一化植被指数NDVI、数字高程模型DEM、坡度和经纬度对地表温度空间格局影响的尺度差异,提出一种针对MODIS地表温度产品的空间降尺度算法,并与TsHARP算法、多元线性回归算法、地理加权回归算法和随机森林回归算法进行定量对比。结果表明,基于MGWR模型的地表温度降尺度转换函数能够良好地揭示多种地表状态参数与地表温度间的不同作用关系,其中NDVI和坡度对地表温度分布具有全局影响,DEM和经纬度对地表温度呈现出了局域性作用。与4种代表性方法相比,基于MGWR算法降尺度后的100 m分辨率地表温度数据具有更好的空间纹理,在城镇和沙漠等温度异质性明显地区保障了清晰的景观纹理;另外,对于所选研究区的8期MODIS地表温度产品而言,利用MGWR算法降尺度后的地表温度均拥有更好的精度,在0—1 K误差级别下的面积占比均大于57%,均方根误差RMSE（Root-Mean-Square Error）均小于2.85 K,决定系数R²（coefficient of determination）均大于0.88。  相似文献   

Statistical Studies on Modified Neupert Effect     

YU Wen-hui  LI You-ping  GAN Wei-qun 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2021,45(1):82-98

  相似文献   

多星中天时角法精密测定天文方位角          下载免费PDF全文

刘新江  郑勇  李崇辉 《天文学报》2020,61(3):29

在高精度天文方位角测定方法中,北极星任意时角法只适用于北半球中纬度地区,子午星对法则受限于选星配对条件.提出可适用于全球地区的多星中天时角法,观测多颗任意中天位置的南星和北星,通过线性回归模型修正测站经度误差和计时误差对方位角解算的影响.该方法只需已知测站的概略位置,对观测天体的中天位置没有限制.实测数据表明,与北极星任意时角法相比,在相同精度指标要求下,观测量可以减少一半.  相似文献   

基于光变曲线的空间碎片基本形状分类          下载免费PDF全文

鹿瑶  赵长印 《天文学报》2020,61(6):64

将未编目的空间碎片正确分类是空间态势感知的重要组成部分. 基于光变曲线, 通过仿真和实测实验, 探讨了空间碎片基本类型的机器学习分类方法. 在数据集中的仿真光变来自形状或材料不同的4类碎片, 实测光变从Mini-Mega TORTORA (MMT)数据库中提取, 实验以深度神经网络作为分类模型, 并和其他机器学习方法进行了比较. 结果显示深度卷积网络优于其他算法, 在仿真实验中对不同材料的圆柱体都能准确识别, 对其余两类卫星的识别率在90%左右; 实测实验中对火箭体和失效卫星的2分类准确率超过99%, 然而在进一步的型号/平台分类中, 准确率有所降低.  相似文献   

中国地震台网面波震级与矩震级统计关系     

沙海军  吕悦军 《地震地磁观测与研究》2018,39(6):31-36

基于1990-2016年中国地震台网地震目录中面波震级和全球矩心矩张量（GCMT）项目的矩震级数据，使用加权最小二乘法，给出中国地震台网面波震级与矩震级的统计关系，分析该统计关系与实际数据之间的残差分布，并将其与已有统计关系进行对比，结果表明，本研究所得统计关系式具有较好的无偏性，更能体现中国地震台网面波震级与矩震级的对应关系。  相似文献   

Intraseasonal predictability of the duration of flooding above National Weather Service flood warning levels across the U.S. Midwest     

Andrea Neri  Gabriele Villarini  Francesco Napolitano 《水文研究》2020,34(23):4505-4511

Unpreparedness is often the main cause of the economic and social damages caused by floods. To mitigate these impacts, short-term forecasting has been the focus of several studies during the past decades; however, less effort has been paid to flood predictions at longer lead times. Here, we use forecasts by six models from the North American Multi-Model Ensemble project with a lead time from 0.5 to 9.5 months to predict the seasonal duration of floods above four National Weather Service flood categories (“action,” “flood,” “moderate” and “major”). We focus on 202 U.S. Geological Survey gage stations across the U.S. Midwest and use a statistical framework which considers precipitation, temperature, and antecedent wetness conditions as predictors. We find that the prediction skill of the duration of floods for the “action” and “flood” categories is overall low, largely because of the low accuracy of the climate forecasts rather than of the errors introduced by the statistical models. The prediction skill slightly improves when considering the shortest lead times (i.e., from 0.5 to 2.5 months) during spring in the Northern Great Plains, where antecedent wetness conditions play an important role in influencing the generation of floods. It is very difficult to draw strong conclusions with respect to the “moderate” and “major” flood categories because of the limited number of available events.  相似文献   

Incorporating spatial association into statistical classifiers: local pattern-based prior tuning     

Hexiang Bai  Feng Cao  M. Peter Atkinson  Qian Chen  Jinfeng Wang 《International journal of geographical information science》2020,34(10):2077-2114

ABSTRACT

This paper proposes a new classification method for spatial data by adjusting prior class probabilities according to local spatial patterns. First, the proposed method uses a classical statistical classifier to model training data. Second, the prior class probabilities are estimated according to the local spatial pattern and the classifier for each unseen object is adapted using the estimated prior probability. Finally, each unseen object is classified using its adapted classifier. Because the new method can be coupled with both generative and discriminant statistical classifiers, it performs generally more accurately than other methods for a variety of different spatial datasets. Experimental results show that this method has a lower prediction error than statistical classifiers that take no spatial information into account. Moreover, in the experiments, the new method also outperforms spatial auto-logistic regression and Markov random field-based methods when an appropriate estimate of local prior class distribution is used.  相似文献   

Intercomparison of two trapezoid-based soil moisture downscaling methods using three scaling factors     

Jing Tian  Xiangzheng Deng  Hongbo Su 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2019,12(4):485-499

This paper compared two soil moisture downscaling methods using three scaling factors. Level 3 soil moisture product of advanced microwave scanning radiometer for EOS (AMSR-E) is downscaled from 25 to 1?km. The downscaled results are compared with the soil moisture observations from polarimetric scanning radiometer (PSR) microwave radiometer and field sampling. The results show that (1) the scaling factor of normalized soil thermal inertia (NSTIs) and vegetation temperature condition index (VTCI) are better than soil evaporative efficiency in reflecting soil moisture; (2) for method 1, NSTIS is the best in the downscaling of soil moisture. For method 2, VTCI is the best; (3) no significant differences of the correlation coefficients (R²) and the biases were found between the two methods for the same scaling factors. However, method 2 shows a better potential than method 1 in the time-series applications of the downscaling of soil moisture; (4) compared with the relationship between the area-averaged soil moisture of AMSR-E and that of PSR, R² of the 6 sets of the downscaled soil moisture almost do not decrease, which suggests the validity of the downscaling of soil moisture with the two downscaling methods using the three scaling factors.  相似文献